This study investigates government educational policies and rural educational development and the problems and issues related to the children among the scheduled tribes of Odisha. Large number of policies and programme has been undertaken by the State and Central government for tribal development since India’s Independence. A number of commissions and committees were appointed to look into the problems of tribal developments in the country. During the five year plan numerous work has been carried out under special schemes for upliftment of the weaker section by the government. But, from anthropological prospective there are many weaknesses in policies and programmes of tribal development. The study discus constitutional provisions for tribal people and how to protect them. The study recommended an urgent need of special educational policy to be formulated for the development of the tribal education.