India’s foreign trade policy has undergone a significant transformation since 2020, with greater emphasis on export diversification, trade agreements, production-linked incentives, supply-chain integration, and strategic protection of selected domestic industries. Important developments include the Foreign Trade Policy 2023, the India-UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, the India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement, the India-EFTA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement, and India’s continuing negotiations with the United Kingdom and the European Union. This study examines how these policies have influenced India’s economic growth through trade expansion, investment, manufacturing, services, employment, and external-sector stability. Using a descriptive mixed-method approach, the study combines macroeconomic indicators with policy analysis. The evidence suggests that recent trade policies have supported export resilience, improved market access, and strengthened India’s position in global value chains. However, the benefits have been constrained by high logistics costs, non-tariff barriers, limited participation of small and medium enterprises, import dependence in critical sectors, and persistent merchandise trade deficits. The study concludes that foreign trade policy can contribute substantially to India’s long-term growth only when market access is accompanied by domestic competitiveness, institutional reforms, and reliable trade infrastructure.